- Retatrutide is an investigational once-weekly shot from Eli Lilly. It acts on three hormone receptors: GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon. It is not FDA-approved, and Lilly plans to ask the FDA for approval in early 2027 [8, 21].
- Retatrutide's top dose led to about 25% average weight loss over 80 weeks in the peer-reviewed TRIUMPH-1 trial of 2,339 adults with obesity. People on placebo lost about 4% [11].
- Nausea, diarrhea, constipation and vomiting were the most common side effects of retatrutide, mostly while the dose was being raised. Some people also felt dysesthesia (unusual skin sensations). Long-term safety is still unknown [11].
- Vials sold online as "retatrutide" or "GLP-3" are not approved and may hold the wrong substance or none [19, 21]. Legal access today means a Lilly clinical trial or a narrow expanded access program [9, 13].
Retatrutide status (checked October 1, 2026) • Retatrutide is not FDA-approved. It is an investigational drug, and the FDA says it "has not been found safe and effective for any condition" [21]. • Maker: Eli Lilly and Company. Retatrutide has no brand name [9]. • Trial phase: Phase 3. Five phase 3 trials have reported results. Three are published in medical journals (TRIUMPH-1, TRIUMPH-2 and TRANSCEND-T2D-1). TRIUMPH-3 and TRIUMPH-4 are company reports, not yet peer-reviewed [1, 2, 5, 8, 11]. • Next step: Lilly says it plans to ask the FDA for approval in the first quarter of 2027 [8]. • FDA warnings: The FDA says retatrutide cannot be used in compounding under federal law. It has sent at least 15 warning letters to companies selling it, from December 2024 to August 2026. Some products were labeled "for research use only" [19, 21]. • Products sold online as "retatrutide" are not approved and may not contain what the label says [21]. • Legal access today: a Lilly clinical trial [9], or Lilly's expanded access program for a small group of patients. A doctor must request expanded access [13]. • Status checked: October 1, 2026.
If you follow weight-loss news, you've likely seen retatrutide, often called reta. It's an experimental weekly shot from Eli Lilly.
Retatrutide isn't approved yet, and products sold online aren't reviewed by the FDA. Here's what the studies show, what's still unknown, and how people can get it legally today.
Read on for 8 things to know about retatrutide.
1. Retatrutide targets three hormone receptors, not one or two
Retatrutide is one peptide that acts on three hormone receptors (docking sites on cells that respond to a hormone): GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon [3]. That is why researchers call it a triple agonist (a drug that switches on three receptors). GIP stands for glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, and GLP-1 for glucagon-like peptide-1.
Retatrutide adds a third target to the two that Zepbound® (tirzepatide) uses. Zepbound® acts on GIP and GLP-1. Wegovy® (semaglutide) acts on GLP-1 alone [6, 15].
Eli Lilly and Company makes retatrutide, which was called LY3437943 in early studies [3, 13]. Lilly is also the maker of Zepbound®.
In every efficacy trial, from phase 1 to phase 3, retatrutide was given once a week as a shot under the skin [10, 11, 13, 22]. An efficacy trial measures how well a drug works.
Retatrutide's glucagon action may help burn more calories, but that finding comes from mice, not people. In obese mice, the glucagon action raised energy use, on top of the drop in eating from GIP and GLP-1 [3]. No one has shown it works the same way in people.
| Receptor | What activating it is thought to do | Retatrutide's strength vs the body's own hormone (lab studies) | Also targeted by |
|---|---|---|---|
| GIP | May add to appetite and food-intake control (animal and lab studies) | About 8.9 times stronger | Zepbound® (tirzepatide) |
| GLP-1 | Helps regulate appetite and how much you eat | About 0.4 times as strong | Zepbound® (tirzepatide) and Wegovy® (semaglutide) |
| Glucagon | Raised energy use (calories burned) in obese mice; researchers think it may also help lower liver fat | About 0.3 times as strong | Neither Zepbound® nor Wegovy® |
Table: Retatrutide's three targets. Strength figures come from lab (cell) studies, not people. Sources: Coskun et al., 2022; Sanyal et al., 2024; Zepbound® and Wegovy® prescribing information.
Is retatrutide a GLP-1 or a "GLP-3"?
Retatrutide acts on the GLP-1 receptor, but it isn't only a GLP-1 drug, and "GLP-3" is not a real drug class. The scientific papers don't use that name. They describe it as a GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist [3, 10, 11].
Some approved GLP-1 medicines such as Wegovy® act on one receptor. Zepbound® acts on two. Learn more about what GLP-1 medications are and how they work.
2. Retatrutide is not FDA-approved, and Lilly plans to apply in early 2027
Retatrutide is not FDA-approved for any use as of October 1, 2026. The FDA says it "has not been found safe and effective for any condition" [21]. No approved version exists for a doctor to prescribe.
Lilly says it plans to submit retatrutide to the FDA in the first quarter of 2027, for obesity, knee osteoarthritis pain and obstructive sleep apnea [8].For a new drug like retatrutide, the FDA's goal is to finish a standard review about 12 months after the application is submitted, or about 8 months for a priority review [18]. No approval date has been set.
Retatrutide has no brand name yet. Lilly still used only the generic name in its September 2026 materials [9].
Retatrutide is not approved in any other country either. Lilly's September 2026 page says it "has not been approved by any regulatory agency" and calls it investigational (still being tested) [9].
Retatrutide has five phase 3 trials (large, late-stage studies) with results so far, and three of them are peer-reviewed. Peer review means outside experts checked a paper before a journal published it. Here are the key dates, as of October 1, 2026:
- TRIUMPH-4 (knee arthritis): Lilly reported results on December 11, 2025. Company-reported, not yet peer-reviewed [5].
- TRANSCEND-T2D-1 (type 2 diabetes): published in The Lancet on June 6, 2026. Peer-reviewed [1].
- TRIUMPH-1 (obesity): Lilly reported results on May 21, 2026. Published in the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) on September 29, 2026. Peer-reviewed [7, 11].
- TRIUMPH-2 (obesity and type 2 diabetes): Lilly reported results on July 23, 2026. Published in The Lancet on September 29, 2026. Peer-reviewed [2, 8].
- TRIUMPH-3 (obesity and heart disease): Lilly reported results on July 23, 2026. Company-reported, not yet peer-reviewed [8].
3. Retatrutide led to about 25% average weight loss at the highest dose in its main trial
Retatrutide at 12 mg cut body weight by 25.0% on average over 80 weeks in TRIUMPH-1, a peer-reviewed NEJM trial of 2,339 adults with obesity [11]. People on placebo (a dummy shot with no medicine) lost 3.9%. The 4 mg and 9 mg doses led to average losses of 17.6% and 23.7%.
About half of people on 12 mg of retatrutide lost at least a quarter of their body weight in TRIUMPH-1: 53.0%, vs 2.6% on placebo [11]. More than a third (36.9%) lost at least 30%, vs 0.6% on placebo. These are peer-reviewed results over 80 weeks.
Retatrutide trials don't report the most weight any one person lost, only averages and shares of people [11]. The largest peer-reviewed average so far is 29.9% at 104 weeks, among people with a BMI of 35 or more who took 12 mg in the TRIUMPH-1 extension.
Over the main 80-week TRIUMPH-1 trial, the 12 mg average was 25.0%. In that trial, 21.1% of people on 12 mg lost at least 35% of their weight [11].
Retatrutide's TRIUMPH-1 extension, now published in NEJM, ran to 104 weeks [7, 11]. It included 532 people with a BMI (body mass index, a measure of weight for height) of 35 or more. People who took 12 mg, then the highest dose they could tolerate (9 or 12 mg), lost 29.9% on average in the paper's main analysis.
| Trial | Who was in it (people) | Length | Average weight change, highest dose vs placebo | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase 2 obesity trial | Adults with obesity, or overweight plus a weight-related condition, no diabetes (338 people) | 48 weeks | 24.2% lower at 12 mg vs 2.1% lower on placebo | Peer-reviewed, NEJM 2023 |
| TRIUMPH-1 | Adults with obesity, no diabetes (2,339 people) | 80 weeks | 25.0% lower at 12 mg vs 3.9% lower on placebo | Peer-reviewed, NEJM 2026 |
| TRIUMPH-2 | Adults with obesity or overweight and type 2 diabetes (1,152 people) | 80 weeks | 18.8% lower at 12 mg vs 5.1% lower on placebo | Peer-reviewed, The Lancet 2026 |
| TRANSCEND-T2D-1 | Adults with type 2 diabetes on diet and exercise only (537 people) | 40 weeks | 15.3% lower at 12 mg vs 2.6% lower on placebo | Peer-reviewed, The Lancet 2026 |
| TRIUMPH-3 | Adults with a BMI of 35 or more and heart disease (about 1,950 people) | 80 weeks | 22.6% lower at 12 mg vs 3.2% lower on placebo | Company-reported, not yet peer-reviewed |
| TRIUMPH-4 | Adults with obesity and knee osteoarthritis (445 people) | 68 weeks | 28.7% lower at 12 mg vs 2.1% lower on placebo | Company-reported, not yet peer-reviewed |
Table: Retatrutide weight-loss results by trial. Peer-reviewed rows use each paper's main analysis. Company-reported rows use Lilly's efficacy analysis, which tends to give larger numbers. Trials enrolled different people, so compare rows with care.
Why do Lilly's headline numbers look higher?
Lilly's press release led with 28.3% for TRIUMPH-1 at 12 mg, while the NEJM paper's main result is 25.0%. Both sources report both numbers, because the math was done two ways [7, 11]. The NEJM paper reports both. Lilly's "efficacy" analysis acts as if everyone kept taking the drug, while the paper's main analysis counts everyone, even people who stopped.
Does retatrutide work for people with type 2 diabetes?
Retatrutide lowered A1C by up to 1.94 points and weight by up to 15.3% in a peer-reviewed type 2 diabetes trial [1]. A1C is a blood test that reflects your average blood sugar over the past 2- 3 months.
TRANSCEND-T2D-1 tested retatrutide in 537 adults with type 2 diabetes on diet and exercise alone (peer-reviewed, The Lancet, 2026) [1]. A1C fell 1.94 points at 12 mg vs 0.81 on placebo, from an average of 7.9%. Weight fell 15.3% vs 2.6% over 40 weeks, with no severe low blood sugar.
TRIUMPH-2 tested retatrutide in 1,152 adults with type 2 diabetes and obesity or overweight (peer-reviewed, The Lancet, 2026) [2]. Weight fell 18.8% at 12 mg vs 5.1% on placebo over 80 weeks. Lilly reported that A1C fell 1.5 points at 12 mg vs 0.2 on placebo, a company-reported figure not in the published summary [8].
Did retatrutide improve blood pressure and cholesterol?
Retatrutide lowered blood pressure, blood fats and a marker of inflammation more than placebo in the peer-reviewed TRIUMPH-1 trial [11]. The table shows the 12 mg results over 80 weeks.
| Heart-risk marker | Retatrutide 12 mg | Placebo |
|---|---|---|
| Systolic blood pressure (the top number) | 10.4 points lower | 1.9 points lower |
| Triglycerides (a blood fat) | 38.0% lower | 3.0% lower |
| Non-HDL cholesterol (all cholesterol except "good" HDL) | 20.6% lower | 4.6% lower |
| hsCRP (a blood marker of inflammation) | 62.6% lower | 24.9% lower |
| Waist size | 21.6 cm smaller | 4.6 cm smaller |
Table: Heart-risk markers in TRIUMPH-1 at 80 weeks, 12 mg vs placebo. Source: Jastreboff et al., 2026 (NEJM, peer-reviewed), Table 2.
Retatrutide's effect on heart attacks and other heart events is not known yet. TRIUMPH-Outcomes, a trial of about 10,000 people, is testing its effect on heart and kidney outcomes. Its main data collection is estimated to finish in February 2029 [13].
How fast does retatrutide work?
Retatrutide lowered weight within the first 12 weeks: up to 8.96 kg more than placebo in an early trial of 72 people with type 2 diabetes [22]. Trials haven't reported a separate number for the first month of treatment. A single early dose kept weight lower for up to 43 days [3].
Retatrutide at 12 mg led to 17.5% average weight loss by week 24 in the peer-reviewed phase 2 trial of 338 adults [10]. By week 48, the average loss at 12 mg was 24.2%.
Retatrutide weight loss had not leveled off by week 48 in the phase 2 trial. The authors wrote that "a plateau had not yet been reached" [10]. In the TRIUMPH-1 extension, published in NEJM, people with a BMI of 35 or more kept losing weight to week 104 [7, 11].
With a half-life of about 6 days, retatrutide is suited to once-weekly dosing [22]. Half-life is the time the body takes to clear half of a dose.
Retatrutide's effects after stopping are not known yet, because no off-treatment results are published. The TRIUMPH-6 trial switches some people to placebo after 80 weeks [13]. Its estimated primary completion is April 2028.
| Time point | Average weight change | Dose and trial | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Week 24 | 17.5% lower | 12 mg, phase 2 trial (338 people) | Peer-reviewed, NEJM 2023 |
| Week 48 | 24.2% lower, still falling | 12 mg, phase 2 trial (338 people) | Peer-reviewed, NEJM 2023 |
| Week 80 | 25.0% lower | 12 mg, TRIUMPH-1 (2,339 people) | Peer-reviewed, NEJM 2026 |
| Week 104 | 29.9% lower | 12 mg for 80 weeks, then highest tolerated dose (9 or 12 mg); TRIUMPH-1 extension, BMI of 35 or more (109 people in this group; 532 in the extension) | Peer-reviewed, NEJM 2026 |
Table: Average weight change over time on retatrutide. Rows come from different trials and groups of people. In the 24-, 48- and 80-week results, placebo groups lost far less in each . The 104-week extension had no placebo group, because everyone took retatrutide from week 80.
Does retatrutide burn fat or muscle?
Retatrutide lowered both fat and lean mass in the one body-scan study published so far [4]. The authors said the share of lean mass lost was similar to other obesity treatments. Fat mass fell 23.2% at 12 mg vs 4.5% on placebo over 36 weeks. Lean mass means muscle and other non-fat tissue.
The peer-reviewed substudy analyzed scans for 103 adults with type 2 diabetes who had a scan at the start and at 36 weeks of a phase 2 retatrutide trial [4]. It used DXA, a low-dose X-ray that measures fat and lean mass. Fat mass fell 26.1% at 8 mg, vs 2.6% on the diabetes drug Trulicity® (dulaglutide).
No study has directly compared muscle loss on retatrutide and on Zepbound® [4].
Eating enough protein and doing strength training may help protect muscle on GLP-1 medicines, says a 2025 joint advisory by four US obesity and nutrition groups [12]. The advisory says protein alone likely isn't enough without strength training, and it covers GLP-1 medicines in general, not retatrutide. For protein tips, see a practical eating plan for Wegovy® and Zepbound®.
What else is retatrutide being studied for?
Besides obesity, retatrutide is being studied for type 2 diabetes, knee osteoarthritis pain, obstructive sleep apnea, fatty liver disease, kidney disease, heart and kidney outcomes, and chronic low back pain [13].
MASLD (metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease) is a type of fatty liver disease. AHI (apnea-hypopnea index) counts breathing pauses and shallow-breathing episodes per hour of sleep. The WOMAC pain score rates knee pain on a 0 to 10 scale.
Retatrutide lowered liver fat in a small trial: liver fat fell 82.4% on 12 mg vs a 0.3% rise on placebo at 24 weeks [17]. The phase 2a substudy of 98 people was published in the July 2024 issue of Nature Medicine (peer-reviewed).
Retatrutide is being studied for knee arthritis pain and obstructive sleep apnea, and Lilly plans to file for both [8]. In the peer-reviewed TRIUMPH-1 trial, knee pain scores fell 3.6 points at 12 mg vs 1.9 on placebo over 80 weeks [11]. Breathing pauses and shallow-breathing episodes in sleep fell by 22.9 to 34.3 per hour across doses, vs 9.9 on placebo.
| Condition | Trial (people) | Status | What was reported |
|---|---|---|---|
| Knee osteoarthritis pain | TRIUMPH-1 knee group (574 people) | Peer-reviewed, NEJM 2026 | WOMAC pain score fell 3.6 points at 12 mg vs 1.9 points on placebo over 80 weeks |
| Knee osteoarthritis pain | TRIUMPH-4 (445 people) | Company-reported, not yet peer-reviewed | WOMAC pain score fell 4.4 points at 12 mg vs 2.4 points on placebo over 68 weeks |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | TRIUMPH-1 sleep apnea group (243 people) | Peer-reviewed, NEJM 2026 | AHI fell by 22.9 to 34.3 events per hour across doses vs 9.9 events per hour on placebo over 80 weeks |
| Type 2 diabetes | TRANSCEND-T2D-1 (537 people) and TRIUMPH-2 (1,152 people) | Peer-reviewed, The Lancet 2026 | A1C and body weight both fell more than on placebo |
| Fatty liver disease (MASLD) | Phase 2a substudy (98 people) | Peer-reviewed, Nature Medicine 2024 | Liver fat fell 82.4% at 12 mg vs a 0.3% rise on placebo at 24 weeks; 86% at 12 mg reached normal liver fat |
| Fatty liver disease (MASLD) outcomes | SYNERGY-Outcomes (about 4,500 people) | Recruiting; estimated primary completion August 2030 | No results yet |
| Chronic kidney disease | TRANSCEND-CKD (146 people) | Completed; no results paper yet | No results published as of October 1, 2026 |
| Heart and kidney outcomes | TRIUMPH-Outcomes (about 10,000 people) | Running; estimated primary completion February 2029 | No results yet |
| Chronic low back pain | TRIUMPH-7 (about 586 people) | Running; estimated primary completion September 2027 | No results yet |
Table: Conditions retatrutide is being studied for (as of October 1, 2026). Sources: Jastreboff et al., 2026; Sanyal et al., 2024; Eli Lilly, 2025; ClinicalTrials.gov.
4. Retatrutide has no head-to-head results against Zepbound® or Wegovy® yet
Retatrutide has not been tested against Zepbound® (tirzepatide) or Wegovy® (semaglutide) in a finished head-to-head trial, as of October 1, 2026 [13].
Retatrutide is being tested against tirzepatide in TRIUMPH-5, a phase 3 trial of about 800 adults with obesity [13]. Its main result is measured at 80 weeks, and no results are posted yet. Its main data collection is estimated to finish in November 2026. A separate trial against semaglutide in about 1,250 adults with type 2 diabetes has no results posted either.
Retatrutide's main trial showed higher average weight loss than the label trials of Zepbound® and Wegovy® [6, 11, 15]. Top-dose averages were 25.0% in TRIUMPH-1 (80 weeks), 20.9% for Zepbound® (72 weeks) and 18.8% for Wegovy® at 7.2 mg (72 weeks). These were separate trials with different people, so they can't show which drug is stronger.
| Feature | Retatrutide | Zepbound® (tirzepatide) | Wegovy® (semaglutide) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hormone receptors | GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon | GIP and GLP-1 | GLP-1 |
| FDA status | Not approved; investigational | Approved for weight loss and for moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea in adults with obesity | Approved for weight loss, for lowering major heart risks in adults with heart disease and obesity or overweight, and, under accelerated approval, for MASH (a fatty liver disease) with moderate to advanced scarring, without cirrhosis, in adults |
| Main weight-loss trial | TRIUMPH-1: 2,339 adults, 80 weeks | SURMOUNT-1: 2,539 adults, 72 weeks | Label Study 8: 1,407 adults, 72 weeks |
| Average weight loss, highest dose vs placebo | 25.0% at 12 mg vs 3.9% | 20.9% at 15 mg vs 3.1% | 18.8% at 7.2 mg vs 3.9% |
| How it's taken | Weekly shot (trials only) | Weekly shot | Weekly shot, or a daily tablet |
| Most common side effects | Nausea, diarrhea, constipation, vomiting | Nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, constipation | Nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, constipation |
| Skin sensation side effects (dysesthesia) | 12.5% at 12 mg vs 0.9% on placebo (TRIUMPH-1) | 0.2% to 0.4% vs 0.1% on placebo | 2% at 2.4 mg vs 1% on placebo (earlier trials); 22% at 7.2 mg vs 0% on placebo (Study 8) |
| Can you get it today? | Only in a trial or Lilly's expanded access program | Yes, with a prescription | Yes, with a prescription |
Table: Retatrutide vs Zepbound® vs Wegovy®. These results come from separate trials with different people, lengths and analysis methods. They are not a head-to-head comparison. At the usual 2.4 mg dose, Wegovy® led to 14.9% weight loss vs 2.4% on placebo over 68 weeks (STEP 1). Sources: Jastreboff et al., 2026; Zepbound® and Wegovy® prescribing information.
Which of these can you get today?
Zepbound® and Wegovy® are FDA-approved and sold with a prescription today, but retatrutide is not [6, 15, 21]. Zepbound® is the closest approved match, since it shares two of the triple agonist's three targets [6].
Zepbound® is approved, with diet and activity, to help adults lose excess weight and keep it off [6]. It is for adults with obesity, or overweight plus at least one weight-related condition. Zepbound® is also approved for moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea in adults with obesity.
Wegovy® injection is approved to help people lose excess weight and keep it off [15]. It is for adults and children 12 and older with obesity, and adults with overweight plus a weight-related condition. Wegovy® is also approved to lower the risk of major heart events in adults with heart disease and obesity or overweight.
Wegovy® injection is also approved, under accelerated approval, for MASH (a fatty liver disease) with moderate to advanced liver scarring without cirrhosis, in adults.. Wegovy® tablets are approved for weight loss and heart-risk reduction in adults [15].
A healthcare provider can help you decide if Zepbound® or Wegovy® fits you. Compare FDA-approved GLP-1 medications for weight loss. You can also read about Zepbound® (tirzepatide): uses, results and side effects and Wegovy® (semaglutide) for weight loss.
Foundayo (orforglipron), a GLP-1 pill from Lilly, was FDA-approved on April 1, 2026, for adults with obesity, or overweight plus at least one weight-related condition [20]. Read more about Foundayo (orforglipron).
RELATED READING Zepbound® vs. Wegovy®: results, side effects and dosing: How the two approved shots compare. What happens after stopping Zepbound® or Wegovy®?: What trials show about weight after the last dose. What is GLP-1? A beginner’sguide: How approved GLP-1 medicines work in the body.
5. Retatrutide's most common side effects were stomach-related, and long-term safety is still unknown
Nausea, diarrhea, constipation and vomiting were the most common side effects of retatrutide in trials, and they were more common at higher doses [11]. In the peer-reviewed TRIUMPH-1 trial, these effects were mostly mild to moderate. They happened mostly while the dose was being raised.
| Side effect | 4 mg | 9 mg | 12 mg | Placebo |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nausea | 28.6% | 38.4% | 42.4% | 14.8% |
| Diarrhea | 25.2% | 34.1% | 32.0% | 13.5% |
| Constipation | 23.8% | 25.9% | 26.1% | 10.9% |
| Vomiting | 10.6% | 22.8% | 25.3% | 4.8% |
| Decreased appetite | 12.8% | 13.4% | 16.5% | 5.8% |
| Dysesthesia (skin burning or tingling) | 5.1% | 12.3% | 12.5% | 0.9% |
| Fatigue | 7.4% | 10.6% | 10.1% | 3.6% |
| Dizziness | 5.0% | 8.9% | 12.0% | 3.1% |
| Low blood pressure | 2.7% | 5.3% | 8.8% | 0.9% |
| Stopped because of side effects | 4.1% | 6.5% | 11.1% | 4.6% |
Table: Side effects in the TRIUMPH-1 trial (share of people in each group). Source: Jastreboff et al., 2026 (NEJM, peer-reviewed), text and Table 3, 80 weeks, about 580 people per group.
Which retatrutide side effects matter most?
Side effects are listed below from most to least common at 12 mg in TRIUMPH-1, with rarer concerns last:
- Stomach and gut effects: nausea affected 42.4% of people on 12 mg vs 14.8% on placebo in TRIUMPH-1 [11]. Most cases were mild to moderate and happened while the dose was going up.
- Dysesthesia (unusual tingling, burning or sensitivity of the skin): 12.5% of people on 12 mg had it vs 0.9% on placebo in TRIUMPH-1 [11]. In the phase 2 trial, skin sensitivity affected 7% vs 1%, and none was severe [10].
- Injection-site reactions: 12.2% of people on 12 mg had one vs 3.8% on placebo in TRIUMPH-1 [11].
- Dizziness and low blood pressure: dizziness affected 12.0% on 12 mg vs 3.1% on placebo, and low blood pressure 8.8% vs 0.9% [11].
- Tiredness: Some people felt tired on retatrutide. Fatigue affected about 10% at 12 mg vs about 4% on placebo in TRIUMPH-1 [11].
- Faster heart rate: Retatrutide raised pulse rate, which peaked around weeks 20 to 24 and then eased [10, 11]. The phase 2 authors said the pattern was similar to GLP-1 drugs.
- Pancreatitis (inflamed pancreas): TRIUMPH-1 had 4 confirmed cases at 12 mg vs 2 on placebo [11]. The authors said the numbers were too small to draw conclusions.
- Hair loss: Retatrutide trials so far haven't reported hair loss among the most common side effects [10, 11]. On the Zepbound® label, hair loss was reported in 7.1% of women vs 0.5% of men taking Zepbound®, linked to weight loss [6].
- Cancer: Retatrutide trials have reported few cancers so far, but they have lasted only about 2 years, so long-term cancer risk is unknown. In TRIUMPH-1, cancer was reported in 2.1%, 0.9% and 1.9% of people on 4, 9 and 12 mg vs 1.0% on placebo [11]. No medullary thyroid cancer (a rare thyroid cancer) was reported in TRIUMPH-1 or phase 2 [10, 11]. TRIUMPH-1 did report 2 other thyroid cancers in the drug groups (1 at 4 mg, 1 at 12 mg) vs none on placebo [11].
Why did some people stop retatrutide in trials?
In TRIUMPH-1, 11.1% of people on 12 mg stopped retatrutide because of side effects, vs 4.6% on placebo [11]. Another 5.3% on 12 mg stopped for what the paper called perceived excessive or sufficient weight loss. Also, 22.5% on 12 mg had their dose lowered for good.
Is retatrutide safe long term?
Retatrutide's long-term safety is unknown. The longest controlled data cover 80 weeks, plus a 24-week extension [11]. Larger, longer trials, such as the TRIUMPH-Outcomes heart and kidney trial, are still running [13].
Approved GLP-1 drugs share many of retatrutide's stomach effects, according to the Zepbound® and Wegovy® labels [6, 15]. See GLP-1 side effects and what helps for how they are handled with approved medicines.
6. Retatrutide trials tested weekly doses up to 12 mg, and no approved dose exists
Retatrutide has no approved dose, because the FDA has not approved the drug [21]. Only an FDA label could set one.
Retatrutide trials tested once-weekly doses from 0.5 mg up to 12 mg [10, 11, 22]. The dose was raised in steps, every 4 weeks in the phase 2 obesity trial [10]. The phase 3 trials used 4, 9 or 12 mg, or 9 or 12 mg [1, 5, 8, 11].
Safety note: trial doses only These are the doses used in research, as published. An FDA label would set the doses only after approval.
| Trial (people, length) | Doses tested, once weekly | How the dose was raised, as published |
|---|---|---|
| Phase 1b, type 2 diabetes (72 people, 12 weeks) | 0.5 mg up to 12 mg across groups | The highest groups reached their dose step by step |
| Phase 2 obesity (338 people, 48 weeks) | 1, 4, 8 or 12 mg | Raised every 4 weeks for up to 12 weeks; the 12 mg group went 2, 4, 8, then 12 mg |
| TRIUMPH-1 and TRIUMPH-2 (2,339 and 1,152 people; 80 weeks) | 4, 9 or 12 mg | Fixed step-up; doses could be lowered for stomach side effects or too much weight loss |
| TRIUMPH-3 and TRIUMPH-4 (about 1,950 and 445 people; 80 and 68 weeks) | 9 or 12 mg | Fixed step-up |
| TRANSCEND-T2D-1 (537 people, 40 weeks) | 4, 9 or 12 mg | Not detailed in the published summary |
Table: Doses tested in retatrutide trials (as reported). Trial doses only, as published. No approved dose exists.
Retatrutide dosing charts found online are written for unapproved products, not from an FDA label, so they don't apply [21]. Unit calculators and "protocols" have the same problem. TRIUMPH-9, a trial of about 600 people, is still testing different ways of raising the dose [13].
7. The only legal ways to get retatrutide are a clinical trial or Lilly's expanded access program
Retatrutide is legal to get in only two ways today: a Lilly clinical trial [9] or Lilly's expanded access program [13]. Expanded access, sometimes called early access, lets some people get an unapproved drug outside a trial. A doctor must request it, and few people qualify.
Lilly's own page, updated in September 2026, says retatrutide "is legally available only through Lilly's clinical trials" [9]. But ClinicalTrials.gov also lists a Lilly expanded access program for single patients (NCT07629401) [13]. It was first posted June 5, 2026, and its status is "Available."
As of October 1, 2026, only one Lilly retatrutide trial was recruiting at US sites [13]. It is SYNERGY-Outcomes, a fatty liver trial with 136 recruiting US sites. The TRIUMPH obesity trials are no longer recruiting.
Retatrutide trials are listed on ClinicalTrials.gov, the US government's study registry [13]. To find one near you, follow these steps:
- Search ClinicalTrials.gov for "retatrutide" and filter for recruiting studies in the US.
- Read each study's eligibility list, such as age, BMI and health conditions.
- Contact the study team listed on the page, or ask your doctor to help.
- Go through screening visits and tests to see if you qualify.
- Know that you may get a placebo instead of retatrutide.
Retatrutide expanded access follows three steps, per the ClinicalTrials.gov listing [13]:
- Ask your doctor whether you might meet the program's criteria, listed next.
- Your doctor contacts Lilly (the Lilly Answers Center) to request it. Lilly asks patients to go through their doctor, not to contact Lilly directly.
- Lilly reviews each request. Access depends on location, supply and a review of each patient.
Lilly's retatrutide expanded access program is for adults with a BMI of 35 or more despite the highest-dose approved weight-loss medicine, and it lists six criteria [13]:
- Age 18 or older
- BMI of 35 or more despite taking and tolerating the highest available dose of an approved weight-loss medicine
- At least 2 serious or life-threatening health problems related to obesity
- Unable to join a retatrutide trial or a similar trial
- Has discussed all standard options with a doctor, including bariatric (weight-loss) surgery
- No medical reason that rules out retatrutide
No doctor or telehealth clinic can prescribe a legal retatrutide product, because none is approved [21]. The FDA has warned telehealth companies and ingredient suppliers over the drug [19].
Compounded retatrutide is not legal. Compounding means a pharmacy mixes its own version of a drug, and the FDA says the drug cannot be used in compounding under federal law [21].
How much does retatrutide cost, and does insurance cover it?
Retatrutide has no official price, because it isn't approved. As of October 1, 2026, Lilly hasn't set one and says pricing will come after approval [9].
Insurance plans and Medicare can't cover retatrutide itself yet, because there's no approved product to cover. Prices you see online are for products that are not approved or checked.
Retatrutide trial participants can't be charged for the study drug unless the FDA gives the drug company written permission first [16]. Lilly hasn't published payment terms for its expanded access program. Ask the study team what is covered and whether you'll have any costs, such as travel.
8. Retatrutide sold online as a "research peptide" is not approved, and the FDA has warned sellers
There is no legal way to buy retatrutide online, and no one can confirm that online products are safe. The FDA calls it an unapproved new drug, and selling it to consumers violates the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act [19]. Vials sold for "research use only" may hold the wrong substance, none at all, or contaminants [19, 21].
"GLP-3 RT" is a seller label, not a drug name. FDA warning letters found it on products containing retatrutide [19]. The letters also list "GLP-3R," "GLP-3 Reta" and "GLP-1-R peptide."
Online sellers and shoppers also call these unapproved vials "reta," "reta peptide" or "retatrutide peptide."
Retatrutide has been named in at least 15 FDA warning letters, sent from December 2024 to August 2026 [19]. That count is a minimum, not a full total.
A "research use only" label means "not for people," so it doesn't make retatrutide legal to sell for human use [19]. The FDA found that sellers' own websites showed the products were "intended to be drugs for human use." Some were sold with dosing instructions [21].
Retatrutide has no FDA label, so there are no approved instructions for mixing, injecting or dosing it. Dosing charts and calculators found online are written for unapproved vials, not for a tested product [21].
You can't tell whether a vial really contains retatrutide, and we found no published lab testing of online products as of October 1, 2026. Online products like these carry four main risks:
- Wrong substance: the label can't be checked, so a vial may hold a different drug than it names.
- No substance: a vial may contain none of the drug it names.
- Contamination: the FDA warns that injected products bypass "some of the body's key defenses against toxins and microorganisms" [19].
- Dosing errors: there's no approved dose, and seller dosing instructions aren't based on an FDA label [21].
What if you've already used a retatrutide product from online?
If you've used an online retatrutide product, talk with a doctor or pharmacist and bring the product label or vial information. Tell them what you took, how much, for how long, and any side effects.
Ask the doctor about FDA-approved weight-loss options, such as Zepbound® (tirzepatide): uses, results and side effects. Severe stomach pain that won't go away, or signs of a severe allergic reaction, need emergency care: call 911.
When to see a healthcare provider
See a healthcare provider if you're thinking about retatrutide, have used a product bought online, or have side effects on any weight-loss medicine. Talk to a provider if:
- You want to know whether an approved medicine, a clinical trial or expanded access could fit you.
- You've used an online retatrutide product.
- You have vomiting or diarrhea that doesn't stop, or you can't keep fluids down.
- You feel dizzy or faint, or notice a racing heartbeat.
- You have skin burning or tingling that bothers you.
When you talk with a provider about retatrutide, share your weight history, the weight-loss medicines you've tried, and any online products you've used. Then ask whether Zepbound®, Wegovy®, a trial or expanded access fits you.
Call 911 or go to the nearest ER if you have severe stomach pain that won't go away while you’re using retatrutide or any weight-loss medicine. Also call 911 for signs of a severe allergic reaction, like swelling of your face, lips, tongue or throat, or trouble breathing.
Bottom line
- Retatrutide is a triple agonist from Eli Lilly that is still being tested. It isn't FDA-approved, and Lilly plans to apply in early 2027.
- In the published TRIUMPH-1 trial, people on the highest dose lost about 25% of their body weight on average over 80 weeks.
- Stomach side effects were common, and long-term safety is still unknown.
- Online "research" products are unapproved and unverified. Legal access means a trial or expanded access, and Zepbound® and Wegovy® are approved options today.
Frequently asked questions
Is retatrutide the same as Ozempic®?
Retatrutide is not the same as Ozempic® (semaglutide). Ozempic® is FDA-approved for adults with type 2 diabetes, not for weight loss, and it acts on one hormone receptor, GLP-1 [14]. The triple agonist acts on three receptors and isn't approved for any use [21]. Wegovy® is the semaglutide brand approved for weight loss [15]. In separate trials, retatrutide's average weight loss was higher than semaglutide's in Wegovy®'s label trials, but no head-to-head results exist yet [11, 15].
What is "GLP-3 RT"?
"GLP-3 RT" is a seller label, not a real drug name. FDA warning letters found products sold as "GLP-3 RT," "GLP-3R" and "GLP-3 Reta" contained retatrutide, which the FDA calls an unapproved new drug [19]. The scientific papers don't use the term "GLP-3." They describe the drug as a GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist.
Is retatrutide the same as tirzepatide?
Retatrutide is not the same as tirzepatide, the drug in Zepbound®. Tirzepatide acts on two receptors, GIP and GLP-1, while the triple agonist adds the glucagon receptor [3, 6]. Eli Lilly makes both. Zepbound® is FDA-approved for weight loss and for moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea in adults with obesity, while the newer drug is still in clinical trials.
Can you switch from tirzepatide to retatrutide?
You can't switch from tirzepatide to retatrutide outside a study, because it isn't FDA-approved yet. A switch can only happen in a clinical trial or Lilly's expanded access program, under a doctor's care [13]. Expanded access is for adults with a BMI of 35 or more despite the top dose of an approved weight-loss medicine. They also need at least 2 serious obesity-related health problems.
When will retatrutide be available?
Retatrutide won't be available by prescription until the FDA approves it, and Lilly hasn't applied yet. Lilly says it plans to submit it to the FDA in the first quarter of 2027 [8]. For a new drug like retatrutide, the FDA’s goal is to finish a standard review about 12 months after application is submitted, or about 8 months for a priority review [18]. No approval date has been set.
Is retatrutide a peptide or a steroid?
Retatrutide is a peptide, not a steroid such as testosterone. Researchers describe it as a "novel triple agonist peptide," a single chain of amino acids built to act on three hormone receptors [3]. In trials, it was given as a once-weekly shot under the skin [11].
Is retatrutide safe?
Retatrutide's safety is known only from trials of about 80 weeks, plus a 24-week extension, so long-term safety is unknown [11]. In TRIUMPH-1, nausea, diarrhea, constipation and vomiting were common and mostly mild to moderate. On 12 mg, 11.1% of people stopped because of side effects, vs 4.6% on placebo. Products sold online are unapproved and unchecked, with no safety data [21].
Sources
- This article relies on primary sources: peer-reviewed clinical trials, ClinicalTrials.gov records, FDA pages and labels, and Eli Lilly announcements for trial status. Results from Lilly press releases are labeled as company-reported and not yet peer-reviewed. Read our editorial policy.
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